explainshell.com

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Match linux command-line arguments to view their help text.

stackshare.io

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Dev / Production stacks for all to see. Handy tool to see what software is trending today.

aws.amazon.com

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Amazons’s cloud computing & web hosting service.

Amazon SageMaker now supports self-service migration of Notebook instances to latest platform versions

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Amazon SageMaker Notebook instance now supports self-service migration, allowing you to update your notebook instance platform identifier through the UpdateNotebookInstance API. This enables you to seamlessly transition from unsupported platform identifiers (notebook-al1-v1, notebook-al2-v1, notebook-al2-v2) to supported versions (notebook-al2-v3, notebook-al2023-v1). With the new PlatformIdentifier parameter in the UpdateNotebookInstance API, you can update to newer versions of the Notebook instance platform while preserving your existing data and configurations. The platform identifier determines which Operating System and JupyterLab version combination your notebook instance runs. This self-service capability s

AWS Elastic Beanstalk now supports Node.js 24 on Amazon Linux 2023

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

AWS Elastic Beanstalk now enables customers to build and deploy Node.js 24 applications on Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023) platform. This latest platform support allows developers to leverage the newest features and improvements in Node.js while taking advantage of the enhanced security and performance of AL2023. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a service that provides the ability to deploy and manage applications in AWS without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications. Node.js 24 on AL2023 delivers updates to the V8 JavaScript engine, npm 11, and security and performance improvements. Developers can create Elastic Beanstalk environments running Node.js 24 on AL2023 through the Elastic Beanstalk Console, CLI, or API. This platform is available in all commercial AWS Regions where Elastic Beanstalk is available, including the AWS GovCloud (US) Regions. For a complete list of regions and service offerings, see

Amazon Connect launches WhatsApp channel for Outbound Campaigns

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Amazon Connect Outbound Campaigns now supports WhatsApp, expanding on the WhatsApp Business messaging capabilities that already allow customers to contact your agents. You can now engage customers through proactive, automated campaigns on their preferred messaging platform, delivering timely communications such as appointment reminders, payment notifications, order updates, and product recommendations directly through WhatsApp. Setting up WhatsApp campaigns uses the same familiar Amazon Connect interface, where you can define your target audience, choose personalized message templates, schedule delivery times, and apply compliance guardrails, just as you do for SMS, voice, and email campaigns. Previously, Outbound Campaigns supported SMS, email, and voice channels, while WhatsApp was available only for customers to initiate conversations with your agents. With WhatsApp support in Outbound Campaigns, you can now proactively reach customers through an additional messaging pla

Amazon SES adds VPC support for API endpoints

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Today, Amazon Simple Email Service (SES) added support for accessing SES API endpoints through Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) endpoints. Customers use VPC endpoints to enable access to SES APIs for sending emails and managing their SES resource configuration. This release helps customers increase security in their VPCs. Previously, customers who ran their workloads in a VPC could access SES APIs by configuring an internet gateway resource in their VPC. This enabled traffic from the VPC to flow into the internet, and reach SES public API endpoints. Now, customers can use the VPC endpoints to access SES APIs without the need for an internet gateway, reducing the chances for activity in the VPC to be exposed to the internet.. SES supports VPC for SES API endpoints in all AWS Regions where SES is available. For more information

SES Mail Manager is now available in 10 additional AWS Regions, 27 total

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Amazon SES announces that the SES Mail Manager product is now available in 10 additional commercial AWS Regions. This expands coverage from the current 17 commercial AWS Regions where Mail Manager is launched, meaning that Mail Manager is now offered in all commercial Regions where SES offers its core Outbound service. SES Mail Manager allows customers to configure email routing and delivery mechanisms for their domains, and to have a single view of email governance, risk, and compliance solutions for all email workloads. Organizations commonly deploy Mail Manager to replace legacy hosted mail relays or simplify integration with third-party mailbox providers and email security solutions. Mail Manager also supports onward delivery to WorkMail mailboxes, built-in archiving with search and export capabilities, and integration with third-party security add-ons directly within the co

TwelveLabs’ Pegasus 1.2 model now in 23 new AWS regions via Global cross-region inference

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Amazon Bedrock introduces Global cross-Region inference for TwelveLabs' Pegasus 1.2, expanding model availability to 23 new regions in addition to the seven regions where the model was already available. You can now also access the model in all EU regions in Amazon Bedrock using Geographic cross-Region inference. Geographic cross-Region inference is ideal for workloads with data residency or compliance requirements within a specific geographic boundary, while Global cross-Region inference is recommended for applications that prioritize availability and performance across multiple geographies. Pegasus 1.2 is a powerful video-first language model that can generate text based on the visual, audio, and textual content within videos. Specifically designed for long-form video

Amazon OpenSearch Service now supports automatic semantic enrichment

5 December 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Amazon OpenSearch Service now brings automatic semantic enrichment to managed clusters, matching the capability we launched for OpenSearch Serverless earlier this year. This feature allows you to leverage the power of semantic search with minimal configuration effort. Traditional lexical search only matches exact phrases, often missing relevant content. Automatic semantic enrichment understands context and meaning, delivering more relevant results. For example, a search for "eco-friendly transportation options" finds matches about "electric vehicles" or "public transportation"—even when these exact terms aren't present. This new capability handles all semantic processing automatically, eliminating the need to manage machine learning models. It supports both English-only and multi-lingual variants, covering 15 langu

Amazon Connect Customer Profiles launches new segmentation capabilities (Beta)

5 December 2025 @ 3:04 pm

Amazon Connect Customer Profiles now offers new segmentation capabilities powered by Spark SQL (Beta), enabling you to build sophisticated customer segments using your complete Customer Profiles data with AI assistance. You can: Access complete profile data: Use both custom objects and standard objects for segmentation Leverage SQL capabilities: Join objects, filter with statistical functions like percentiles, and standardize date fields for complex analysis Build segments with AI assistance: Use natural language prompts with the Segment AI assistant to automatically generate segment definitions in Spark SQL, or write SQL directly Validate before deployment: Review AI-generated SQL, view natural language explanations, and get automatic segment estimates For example, you can create segments like "customers who called customer services more than 3 times in the past month about ne

AWS Elastic Beanstalk now supports Python 3.14 on Amazon Linux 2023

5 December 2025 @ 8:00 am

AWS Elastic Beanstalk now enables customers to build and deploy Python 3.14 applications on Amazon Linux 2023 (AL2023) platform. This latest platform support allows developers to leverage the newest features and improvements in Python while taking advantage of the enhanced security and performance of AL2023. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a service that provides the ability to deploy and manage applications in AWS without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications. Python 3.14 on AL2023 delivers enhanced interactive interpreter capabilities, improved error messages, important security and API improvements. Developers can create Elastic Beanstalk environments running Python 3.14 on AL2023 through the Elastic Beanstalk Console, CLI, or API. This platform is available in all commercial AWS Regions where Elastic Beanstalk is available, including the AWS GovCloud (US) Regions. For a complete list of regions and service offerings, see

AWS launches simplified enablement of AWS CloudTrail events in Amazon CloudWatch

5 December 2025 @ 8:00 am

Today, AWS launches simplified enablement of AWS CloudTrail events in Amazon CloudWatch, a monitoring and logging service that helps you collect, monitor, and analyze log data from your AWS resources and applications. With this launch, you can now centrally configure collection of CloudTrail events in CloudWatch alongside other popular AWS log sources such as Amazon VPC flow logs and Amazon EKS Control Plane Logs. CloudWatch's ingestion experience provides a consolidated view that simplifies collecting telemetry from different sources for accounts in your AWS Organization thus ensuring comprehensive monitoring and data collection across your AWS environment. This new integration leverages service-linked channels

networkworld.com

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Information, intelligence and insight for Network and IT Executives.

Chinese cyberspies target VMware vSphere for long-term persistence

5 December 2025 @ 9:36 pm

Chinese state-sponsored threat actors are backdooring VMware vCenter and VMware ESXi servers with a malware program written in Go, allowing them to maintain long-term persistence in victim networks. According to a joint report by the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), National Security Agency (NSA), and Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) organizations from the government services and facilities and IT sectors have been the primary targets. The malware program, known in the security industry as BRICKSTORM,

IBM boosts DNS protection for multicloud operations

5 December 2025 @ 9:28 pm

IBM announced a cloud-based service that is expected to help enterprises decrease the risk of DNS outages and protect corporate assets across multicloud environments. The service, called IBM Cloud Sync, offers continuous, bidirectional synchronization and policy translation between IBM’s NS1 Connect package and the cloud provider’s DNS servers.

Andrew Wheeler of HPE Labs: Being a constant learner is key to being a good technologist

5 December 2025 @ 6:40 pm

For the last five years, Andrew Wheeler has been in charge of HPE Labs, which is focused on driving innovative technologies from R&D to commercialization. The senior vice president and director of HPE Labs was in Barcelona this week, where HPE Discover 2025 took place. Wheeler sat down with Esther Macías, chief editor of Computerworld Spain, to talk about the projects being developed under his wing. He reflected on the future of more embryonic technologies, such as quantum computing, as well as the rapid evolution of artificial intelligence, which, he predicts

Cloudflare firewall reacts badly to React exploit mitigation

5 December 2025 @ 11:19 am

Cloudflare’s network suffered a brief but widespread outage Friday, after an update to its Web Application Firewall to mitigate a vulnerability in React Server Components went wrong. At 9:09 a.m. UTC, the company reported that it was investigating issues with the Cloudflare Dashboard and related APIs, warning that customers might see requests fail or errors displayed. Just 10 minutes later, it had deployed a fix — but not before a flood of reports of problems with Cloudflare and its customers poured into uptime tracking sites such as Downdetector.com. During the same window, Downdetector saw a spike in problem reports for enterprise services including Shopify, Zo

Network jobs watch: Hiring, skills and certification trends

4 December 2025 @ 7:10 pm

Network and infrastructure roles continue to shift as enterprises adopt technologies such as AI-driven network operations, multicloud networking, zero trust network access (ZTNA), and SD-WAN. Here’s a recap of some of the latest industry research, hiring s

CompTIA training targets workplace AI use

4 December 2025 @ 6:57 pm

IT training and certification provider CompTIA this week released an updated version of its AI Essentials learning program designed to help employees develop AI skills for workplace use with tools such as ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini. Recent CompTIA research found that about one-third (34%) of companies require

Timeline of HPE’s $14 billion Juniper acquisition

4 December 2025 @ 4:38 pm

AI is a key factor in one of the tech industry’s most significant M&A developments: HPE’s proposed acquisition of Juniper Networks. The $14 billion deal would shake up the industry, and regulatory watchdogs in the U.S. and worldwide have raised antitrust concerns. Meanwhile, enterprise customers are worried about product discontinuations and roadmap disruptions. We’ve tracked the deal since it was first announced in January 2024. In January 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice moved to block the deal, citing harm to competition. Most recently, the companies

HPE CEO Neri highlights first fruits of Juniper takeover

4 December 2025 @ 4:23 pm

A decade after HPE embarked on its solo journey following the separation of the former HP into two companies, CEO Antonio Neri took the stage at its major annual European event, held December 3-4 in Barcelona. Neri shared HPE’s roadmap, which is centered on three technological pillars: networking, cloud and artificial intelligence. “I am very proud of what we have accomplished together over the past decade, and even more excited about what is to come,” Neri said in his remarks to the audience of 6,000 people at

With AI Factories, AWS aims to help enterprises scale AI while respecting data sovereignty

4 December 2025 @ 11:47 am

Enterprises wanting to process sensitive data with AI face a dilemma: Pay more for on-premises AI infrastructure, or battle with data sovereignty and compliance barriers in the cloud. Now AWS is weighing in with another option: a fully managed, on-premises AI infrastructure offering it calls AI Factories. Much like its existing AWS Outposts offering for classical compute workloads, AI Factories drops dedicated hardware and software directly into a customer’s data center, helping them run AI and agentic applications without violating data sovereignty rules. “With this launch, we’re enabling customers to deploy dedicated AI infrastructure for AWS in their own data centers

HPE loads up AI networking portfolio, strengthens Nvidia, AMD partnerships

3 December 2025 @ 1:20 pm

At its Discover Barcelona 2025 customer event, HPE unveiled a wide range of networking gear and software to help enterprise customers move efficiently into the AI networking era. The rollout includes new switches and routers as well as deepened partnerships with AMD and Nvidia. In addition, HPE demonstrated how it plans to integrate the AI technology it acquired from Juniper in the deal finalized in July. HPE plans to combine the best of HPE Aruba Networking Central — the flagship cloud-ba

forensicswiki.org

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Computer forensic tools and techniques used by investigators

cyberciti.biz

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online community of new and seasoned Linux / Unix sysadmins.

Download of the day: GIMP 3.0 is FINALLY Here!

18 March 2025 @ 3:45 am

Wow! After years of hard work and countless commits, we have finally reached a huge milestone: GIMP 3.0 is officially released! I am excited as I write this and can't wait to share some incredible new features and improvements in this release. GIMP 2.10 was released in 2018, and the first development version of GIMP 3.0 came out in 2020. GIMP 3.0 released on 16/March/2025. Let us explore how to download and install GIMP 3.0, as well as the new features in this version. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook -

How to list upgradeable packages on FreeBSD using pkg

16 March 2025 @ 8:25 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Here is a quick list of all upgradeable packages on FreeBSD using pkg command. This is equivalent to apt list --upgradable command on my Debian or Ubuntu Linux system. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

Ubuntu to Explore Rust-Based “uutils” as Potential GNU Core Utilities Replacement

16 March 2025 @ 12:17 pm

In a move that has sparked significant discussion within the Ubuntu Linux fan-base and community, Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, has announced its intention to explore the potential replacement of GNU Core Utilities with the Rust-based "uutils" project. They plan to introduce new changes in Ubuntu Linux 25.10, eventually changing it to Ubuntu version 26.04 LTS release in 2026 as Ubuntu is testing Rust 'uutils' to overhaul its core utilities potentially. Let us find out the pros and cons and what this means for you as an Ubuntu Linux user, IT pro, or developer. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

How to install KSH on FreeBSD

3 March 2025 @ 11:50 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Installing KSH (KornShell) on FreeBSD can be done with either FreeBSD ports or the pkg command. The ports collection will download the KSH source code, compile it, and install it on the system. The pkg method is easier, and it will download a pre-compiled binary package. Hence, it is recommended for all users. KornShell (KSH) has a long history, and many older Unix systems and scripts rely on it. As a result, KSH remains relevant for maintaining and supporting legacy infrastructure. Large enterprises, especially those with established Unix-based systems, continue to use KSH for scripting and system administration tasks. Some industries where KS

Linux Sed Tutorial: Learn Text Editing with Syntax & Examples

3 March 2025 @ 9:47 am

See all GNU/Linux related FAQ Sed is an acronym for "stream editor." A stream refers to a source or destination for bytes. In other words, sed can read its input from standard input (stdin), apply the specified edits to the stream, and automatically output the results to standard output (stdout). Sed syntax allows an input file to be specified on the command line. However, the syntax does not directly support output file specification; this can be achieved through output redirection or editing files in place while making a backup of the original copy optionally. Sed is one of the most powerful tools on Linux and Unix-like systems. Learning it is worthwhile, so in t

How to tell if FreeBSD needs a Reboot using kernel version check

23 February 2025 @ 10:07 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Keeping your FreeBSD server or workstation updated is crucial for security and stability. However, after applying updates, especially kernel updates, you might wonder, "Do I need to reboot my system?" Let's simplify this process and provide a straightforward method for determining whether a reboot is necessary using the CLI, shell script, and ansible playbook. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter

Critical Rsync Vulnerability Requires Immediate Patching on Linux and Unix systems

15 January 2025 @ 6:04 pm

Rsync is a opensource command-line tool in Linux, macOS, *BSD and Unix-like systems that synchronizes files and directories. It is a popular tool for sending or receiving files, making backups, or setting up mirrors. It minimizes data copied by transferring only the changed parts of files, making it faster and more bandwidth-efficient than traditional copying methods provided by tools like sftp or ftp-ssl. Rsync versions 3.3.0 and below has been found with SIX serious vulnerabilities. Attackers could exploit these to leak your data, corrupt your files, or even take over your system. There is a heap-based buffer overflow with a CVSS score of 9.8 that needs to be addressed on both the client and server sides of rsync package. Apart from that info leak via uninitialized stack contents defeats ASLR protection and rsync server can make client write files outside of destination directory using symbolic links. Love this? sudo share_on:

How to control the SSH multiplexing with the control commands

15 January 2025 @ 8:29 am

See all GNU/Linux related FAQ Multiplexing will boost your SSH connectivity or speed by reusing existing TCP connections to a remote host. This is useful when you frequently connect to the same server using SSH protocol for remote login, server management, using IT automation tools over SSH or even running hourly backups. However, sometimes your SSH command (client) will not respond or get hung up on the session when using multiplexing. Typically, this happens when your public IP changes (IPv4 to IPv6 changes when using DNS names), VPN issues, or firewall cuts connections. Hence, knowing SSH client control commands can save you time and boost your productivity when such gotc

ZFS Raidz Expansion Finally, Here in version 2.3.0

14 January 2025 @ 9:19 am

After years of development and testing, the ZFS raidz expansion is finally here and has been released as part of version 2.3.0. ZFS is a popular file system for Linux and FreeBSD. RAIDz is like RAID 5, which you find with hardware or Linux software raid devices. It protects your data by spreading it across multiple hard disks along with parity information. A raidz device can have single, double, or triple parity to sustain one, two, or three hard disk failures, respectively, without losing any data. Hence, expanding or adding a new HDD is a very handy feature for sysadmins in today's data-sensitive apps. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

How to run Docker inside Incus containers

18 December 2024 @ 5:44 am

See all FFmpeg command releated tutorials Incus and Docker both use Linux kernel features to containerize your applications. Incus is best suited when you need system-level containers that act like traditional VMs and provide a persistent developer experience. On the other hand, Docker containers are ephemeral, i.e., temporary in nature. All files created inside Docker containers are lost when your Docker container is stopped or removed unless you stored them using volumes in different directories outside Docker. Docker is created as a disposable app deployment system. Incus containers are not typically created as disposables, and data is kept inside

heartinternet.co.uk

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Hosting packages for an initial web presence

How to Enable Two-Factor Authentication

29 July 2025 @ 12:22 pm

Keeping your account secure is a top priority – and enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect it. Enabling 2FA adds an extra step to your login process so your account will remain secure even if your password is compromised. Here’s how to switch it on in [read more...]

How to Choose the Perfect Domain Name for Your Business

9 July 2025 @ 9:30 am

Get Your Name Right – The Internet Never Forgets Choosing a domain name might sound simple – until you realise it’s the online equivalent of naming your child. No pressure. Your domain is your digital first impression. It’s what people type, share, and (hopefully) remember. So picking the right one is crucial for your brand, [read more...]

What is a VPS? And is it Time You Got One?

25 June 2025 @ 9:30 am

Discover what a VPS server is, how VPS hosting works, and why it’s ideal for small businesses. Learn the benefits and explore VPS plans with Heart Internet.

We’re Now Certified by the Green Web Foundation

11 June 2025 @ 9:30 am

💚 Hosting that works hard, treads lightly.   Big news: Heart Internet is now officially listed with the Green Web Foundation. That means our hosting services are recognised as being powered by 100% renewable energy – wind, solar, and hydro, all thanks to our partnership with EDF. So while your website might be generating traffic, [read more...]

What is Web Hosting and Why Does Your Business Need It?

6 May 2025 @ 4:54 pm

Without web hosting, your website would not be visible or accessible to users! It is crucial to host your website with a website hosting service to ensure that your business has an online presence. Web hosts will securely store your website’s files, images, and digital content on a server, making it accessible to the public [read more...]

How to Enable Root Access via SSH on Your VPS for Migration using Plesk

11 March 2025 @ 7:41 am

If you get one of the following messages from the Plesk migrator you should check that you are using root as the username along with the Plesk admin password. “The source server does not appear to be a Plesk server” “Plesk Migrator tool requires original ‘root’ user access or root user with GUI/UID = 0.” [read more...]

How to Enable Root Access on Your VPS Server Using Plesk

11 March 2025 @ 7:40 am

If you get one of the following messages from the Plesk migrator you should check that you are using root as the username along with the Plesk admin password. “The source server does not appear to be a Plesk server” “Plesk Migrator tool requires original ‘root’ user access or root user with GUI/UID = 0.” [read more...]

Are your website fonts sending the right message?

3 February 2025 @ 10:18 am

Did you know that the fonts you use on your website can impact the way your customers perceive and interact with your brand?

Black Friday at Heart Internet

28 November 2024 @ 3:27 pm

Black Friday is here, and we’re bringing you incredible savings to help your business thrive online. From 29th November 2024 to 9th December 2024, you can enjoy 15% off some of our most popular products to get the tools you need at a fraction of the cost. What’s on Offer? Here’s what you can save [read more...]

13 Easy Ways to Optimise Your Website for Speed and Performance

1 October 2024 @ 2:53 pm

A slow website is like a slow waiter: it doesn’t matter how good the food is if the service is frustratingly sluggish. If your site takes too long to load, visitors are likely to abandon it faster than you can say “bounce rate.” But fear not! Here are some tips to help you optimise your [read more...]

serverfault.com

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Common Server issues – FAQs and answers from those in the know

Ubuntu + Postfix - limit port 25 access mail server access only?

6 December 2025 @ 3:51 am

My server's IP address is listed on Spamhaus. It is running on Ubuntu and using Postfix to forward incoming emails to certain emails, such as my Gmail emails. According to Spamhaus: "Make sure port 25 access is limited to mail server access only / end-users should be using SMTP authentication on port 587 or 465" So how can I "Make sure port 25 access is limited to mail server access only"? I found this answer : iptables -I OUTPUT -m owner ! --uid-owner postfix -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-admin-prohibited ip6tables -I OUTPUT -m owner ! --uid-owner postfix -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited But I don't think my Postfix has a username and password set up (how can I set up the username and password?). Any ideas wha

Permission denied writing to NFS with same owner and ACL

5 December 2025 @ 8:44 pm

I'm running a rootless podman container where I mount an NFS4 volume. Writing to NFS works Inside the container, I can move a directory that is not in NFS into NFS, and it also works But if I move to NFS from the host instead of from the container, I can't write to it inside the container The ACL & owner for both directories are the same podman run -it --rm \ -v /tmp/local:/local:U \ -v /mnt/nfs:/nfs \ ubuntu:latest # my subuid is 558752 so this maps to 559752 on the host useradd -u 1001 myuser su myuser # creating folder from container works fine mkdir /nfs/created_from_container touch /nfs/created_from_container/file1 #OK! # moving a folder to nfs from within the container also works fine mkdir /local/moved_by_container touch /local/moved_by_container/file1 #OK! mv /local/moved_by_container/ /nfs/ touch /nfs/moved_by_container/file1 #OK! # but this doesn't work

How to setup Exim4 transport to let it work again after "tainted" update

5 December 2025 @ 5:41 pm

I made a release update of my server and unfortunately it has an exim4 instance and now it has been upgrade to v.4.97 It seems this version introduced a tainted data check and for some reason all my email are not delivered anymore. I tried to add this config .ifdef _OPT_MAIN_ALLOW_INSECURE_TAINTED_DATA allow_insecure_tainted_data = yes .endif But it didn't help, maybe this workaround is deprecated. Then my current transport config: local_mysql_delivery: driver = appendfile directory = /var/mail/${domain}/${local_part}/ maildir_format delivery_date_add envelope_to_add return_path_add user = mail group = mail mode = 0660 Doesn't work, but I didn't understand from documentation how I have to change the directory property.

Azure file recovery with an additional hard disk

5 December 2025 @ 2:15 pm

We are testing Azure Backup File Recovery for a Linux OS-disk (Ubuntu 22.04). The VM has two disks: OS Disk Data Disk The Azure Portal reports: The VM is protected successfully The selected recovery point includes both the OS disk and the data disk No warnings or skipped disks appear in the Backup Jobs view What happens during File Recovery We downloaded and executed the File Recovery script on multiple test VMs and multiple recovery points (including older ones). In all cases: Azure provides only one single LUN through iSCSI: /dev/disk/by-path/...-lun-0 -> /dev/sdc /dev/disk/by-path/...-lun-0 -> /dev/sdd These two iSCSI paths combine into a single multipath device: /dev/m

How many resources may a resource group contain in Azure? More generally, where can I see the quota limits at each level in Azure?

4 December 2025 @ 10:52 pm

A resource group is a collection of resources that share the same lifecycle, permissions, and policies. How many resources can a resource group contain? I mostly care about Cognitive Services resources. Here are the hierarchy levels in Azure: Management Group ├─ Quota: how many subscriptions are allowed? ↓ Subscription ├─ Quota: how many resource groups are allowed? ↓ Resource Group ├─ Quota: how many Cognitive Services resources can it contain? ↓ Cognitive Services Resource (aka instance) ├─ Example quotas: │ - OpenAI deployments │ - TPS / RPM / Tokens per minute (visible when creating or editing an endpoint in that resource) │ └─ Contains: - models - deployments - endpoints

How to get proxmox autoinstall to add VLAN tags?

4 December 2025 @ 9:19 pm

I'm installing Proxmox via PXE, but due to my circumstances, I have to do it over a trunk on VLAN10. I have configured Dell iDRAC and iPXE to tag with VLAN10 and it works fine. Problem is, it gets handed off to Proxmox and dies because Proxmox DOES NOT tag the traffic. I've tried passing it via kernel params like: kernel ${dir}/linux26 \ initrd=initrd ramdisk_size=16777216 rw quiet splash=silent \ proxmox-start-auto-installer \ vlan={{ proxmox.interfaces.trunk }}.10:{{ proxmox.interfaces.trunk }} \ ip=dhcp:::::{{ proxmox.interfaces.trunk }}.10 but while that flows through, it doesn't take. It doesn't actually create the VLAN interface and it fails. How do you get Proxmox autoinstall to tag traffic with a VLAN?

How to enable shutdown PowerShell script on Windows 2022 without using GUI

4 December 2025 @ 3:57 pm

I am provisioning Windows 2022 EC2 instances using Terraform and a PowerShell User Data script. I want to add functionality where this User Data script will configure a shutdown PowerShell script that will copy some files to a S3 bucket upon shutdown. This needs to be done without using the Windows GUI. This the code I am currently using: # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Create a PowerShell script for shutdown # ------------------------------------------------------------------------- $shutdownScriptPath = "C:\Scripts\BackupOnShutdown.ps1" # Ensure the Scripts folder exists New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "C:\Scripts" -Force # Create the shutdown script @" # Backup Gateway Backups folder to S3 try { aws s3 sync "C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\Gateway Backups" "s3://${backup_bucket}/gateway-backups/" --exact-timestamps aws s3 cp "C:\Users\Adm

Port knocking in Almalinux 10?

4 December 2025 @ 10:30 am

(First, please excuse me. Not a professional sysadmin, just someone who has had to set up a VPS recently). I recently set up a new Almalinux 10 box, and I wanted to add port knocking to it to further secure it besides the regular stuff (fail2ban, no root SSH logins, etc.). However, after spending a few hours, I found out that the two port knocking/SPA packages I was looking for (knockd and fwknop) only work with iptables, while Almalinux 10 has removed it entirely and works with nftables now. Is there a simple port knocking solution available for newer Linux distributions such as mine?

How do you integrate security checks early in a DevSecOps workflow without slowing down deployments

4 December 2025 @ 9:30 am

I am improving an existing CI and CD setup and the team wants to move toward a stronger DevSecOps model where security validation happens much earlier in the pipeline. The challenge is that our deployments are time sensitive and any added scan or check can slow down the delivery cycle. Currently we use basic static checks, but want to add more depth such as cloud config validation, container image scanning, secret scanning, and automated policy testing. We need to run inside our existing Git based workflow without forcing developers to change how they commit or merge. For teams that follow DevSecOps practices, how do you add early stage security checks while keeping build and deploy times under control? Do you run all scans on every commit or only on merge? Do you separate fast checks and deep scans into different stages? Any recommendations for tools or patterns that balance speed and security? Looking for practical setups that have worked

How to install OKD in air-gapped environment?

4 December 2025 @ 9:25 am

I want to install a single-node OKD 4.19 cluster in an air-gapped environment. I prepared the Harbor registry, but mirroring the images needed for OKD 4.19 failed. The 4.19 documentation was not helpful. The problem with the mirrored images is the SHA256 hashes are changed, and the OKD installer does not find them. Installing OKD 4.19 in connected environment works fine. How can I install OKD 4.19 in air-gapped environment, specifically, how to correctly mirror needed images to local Harbor?

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