explainshell.com

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Match linux command-line arguments to view their help text.

stackshare.io

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Dev / Production stacks for all to see. Handy tool to see what software is trending today.

aws.amazon.com

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Amazons’s cloud computing & web hosting service.

Amazon SageMaker launches custom tags for project resources

6 November 2025 @ 6:00 pm

Today, Amazon SageMaker Unified Studio announced new capabilities allowing SageMaker projects to add custom tags to resources created through the project. This helps customers enforce tagging standards that conform to Service Control Policies (SCP) and helps enable cost tracking reporting practices on resources created across the organization. As an Amazon SageMaker Unified Studio administrator, you can configure a project profile with tag configurations that will be pushed down to all projects using the project profile. Project profiles can be setup to pass Key and Value tag pairings or pass the Key of the tag with a default Value that can be modified during project creation. All tag values passed to the project will result in the resources created by that project being tagged. This provides administrators a governance mechanism that enforces project resources have the expected tags. This first release of custom tags for project resources is supported only through

AWS IoT Greengrass v2.16 introduces system log forwarder and TPM2.0 capabilities

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

AWS announces the release of AWS IoT Greengrass v2.16, introducing new core components for nucleus and nucleus lite. AWS IoT Greengrass is an Internet of Things (IoT) edge runtime and cloud service that helps customers build, deploy, and manage device software at the edge. The latest version 2.16 release includes enhanced debugging capabilities through the system log forwarder component. This component uploads system log files to AWS Cloud Watch, making it easier for developers to troubleshoot IoT edge applications. The AWS IoT Greengrass v2.16 release also features a new nucleus lite version (v2.3) with TPM2.0 specification support, enabling developers to manage edge device security for their resource constrained devices using hardware-based root of trust modules. The implementation helps developers to scale their IoT deployments with confidence while p

Deadline Cloud expands support with latest 6th, 7th, and 8th generation instances

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

AWS announces expanded instance family support in Deadline Cloud, adding new 6th, 7th, and 8th generation EC2 instances to enhance visual effects and animation rendering workloads. This release includes support for C7i, C7a, M7i, M7a, R7a, R7i, M8a, M8i, and R8i instance families, along with additional 6th generation instance types that were previously unavailable. Deadline Cloud is a fully managed service that helps customers run visual compute workloads in the cloud without having to manage infrastructure. With this enhancement, studios can utilize a broader range of AWS compute technology to optimize their rendering workflows. The compute-optimized (C-series), general-purpose (M-series), and memory-optimized (R-series) instances provide tailored options for different rendering workloads - from compute-intensive simulations to memory-heavy scene processing. The inclusion of latest-generation instances like M8a and R8i enables customers to access improved performance and

Amazon Elastic VMware Service (Amazon EVS) is now available in additional Regions

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Today, we're announcing that Amazon Elastic VMware Service (Amazon EVS) is now available in all availability zones in the Asia Pacific (Mumbai), Asia Pacific (Sydney), Canada (Central) and Europe (Paris) Regions. This expansion provides more options to leverage the scale and flexibility of AWS for running your VMware workloads in the cloud. Amazon EVS lets you run VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) directly within your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) on EC2 bare-metal instances, powered by AWS Nitro. Using either our step-by-step configuration workflow or the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) with automated deployment capabilities, you can set up a complete VCF environment in just a few hours. This rapid deployment enables faster workload migration to AWS, helping you eliminate aging infrastructure, reduce operational risks, and meet critical timelines for exiting your data center. The added availability in the Asia Pacific (Mumbai), Asia Pacific (Sydney), Canada (Cen

AWS Backup now supports AWS KMS customer managed keys with logically air-gapped vaults

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

AWS Backup now supports encrypting backups in logically air-gapped vaults with AWS Key Management Service (KMS) customer managed keys (CMKs). This enhancement provides additional encryption options beyond the existing AWS-owned keys, helping organizations meet their regulatory and compliance requirements. You can now create logically air-gapped vaults using your own customer managed keys (CMKs) in AWS KMS, giving you more control over your backup protection strategy. Whether you want to use keys from the same account or across accounts, you maintain centralized key management while preserving the security benefits of logically air-gapped vaults. This integration works seamlessly with your existing logically air-gapped vaults and other AWS Backup features, ensuring no disruption to your backup workflows. AWS KMS customer managed key support with logically air-gapped vaults is available in all AWS Regions where logically air-gapped vaults are

AWS announces a new Regional planning tool in Builder Center

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Today, AWS announced a new tool called AWS Capabilities by Region in Builder Center. This tool helps you discover and compare AWS services, features, APIs, CloudFormation resources across AWS Regions. You can explore service availability through an interactive interface, compare multiple Regions side-by-side, and view forward-looking roadmap information. This detailed visibility helps you make informed decisions about global deployments and prevent project delays due to service unavailability. In addition to this tool, AWS also enhanced the AWS Knowledge Model Context Protocol (MCP) Server to include information about Regional capabilities in an LLM-compatible format. MCP clients and agentic frameworks can connect to the AWS Knowledge MCP Server to get real-time insights into regional service availability and suggestions for alternative solutions when specific services or features are unavailable. You can begin

Amazon ECS announces non-root container support for managed EBS volumes

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) now supports mounting Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes to containers running as non-root users. With this launch, ECS automatically configures the EBS volume’s file system permissions to allow non-root users to read and write data securely, while preserving the root-level ownership of the volume. This enhancement simplifies security-first container deployments by removing the need for manual permission management or custom entrypoint scripts. This feature enhances container security by allowing tasks to run as non-root users, reducing the risk of privilege escalation and unauthorized access to data. Previously, for a container in a task to write to a mounted Amazon EBS volume, it had to run as the root user. ECS now automatically manages EBS volume permissions, simplifying workflows and ensuring that all containers within a task — regardless of user ID — can securel

Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) is now available in the Middle East (UAE) Region

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) is now available in the Middle East (UAE) Region, allowing customers in the Middle East to build Cassandra-compatible applications with lower latency while keeping their data within the Region to meet data residency requirements. Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) is a scalable, highly available, and managed Apache Cassandra–compatible database service. Amazon Keyspaces is serverless, so you pay for only the resources that you use and you can build applications that serve thousands of requests per second with virtually unlimited throughput and storage. The Middle East (UAE) Region provides the same Amazon Keyspaces features available in other AWS Regions, including point-in-time recovery, Multi-Region replication, CDC streams, and IPv6 support. This regional expansion enables organizations in the Middle East to build highly scalable, low-latency applicatio

Amazon DynamoDB Streams expands AWS PrivateLink support to FIPS endpoints

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Amazon DynamoDB Streams now supports AWS PrivateLink for all available Amazon DynamoDB Streams Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) endpoints in US and Canada commercial AWS Regions. With this launch, you can establish a private connection between your virtual private cloud (VPC) and Amazon DynamoDB Streams FIPS endpoints instead of connecting over the public internet, helping you meet your organization's business, compliance, and regulatory requirements to limit public internet connectivity. Amazon DynamoDB Streams support for AWS PrivateLink FIPs endpoints is available with Amazon DynamoDB Streams in the US and Canada commercial AWS Regions: US East (N. Virginia), US East (Ohio), US West (N. California), US West (Oregon), Canada (Central), and Canada West (Calgary). To learn more about Amazon DynamoDB Streams support for AWS PrivateLink FIPs endpoints, visit the

Amazon CloudWatch Application Signals now available in AWS GovCloud (US) Regions

6 November 2025 @ 3:00 pm

Amazon CloudWatch Application Signals expands its availability to AWS GovCloud (US-East) and AWS GovCloud (US-West) Regions, enabling government customers and regulated industries to automatically monitor and improve application performance in these regions. CloudWatch Application Signals provides comprehensive application monitoring capabilities by automatically collecting telemetry data from applications running on Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, Amazon EKS and AWS Lambda, helping customers meet their compliance and monitoring requirements while maintaining workload visibility. With CloudWatch Application Signals, customers in AWS GovCloud (US) regions can now monitor application health in real time, track performance against business goals, visualize service relationships and dependencies, and quickly identify and resolve performance issues. This automated observability solution eliminates the need for manual instrumentation while providing detailed insights into application beh

networkworld.com

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Information, intelligence and insight for Network and IT Executives.

Google Cloud aims for more cost-effective Arm computing with Axion N4A

6 November 2025 @ 8:08 pm

Google Cloud is doubling down on Arm-based computing with the introduction of Axion N4A, as it seeks to reduce dependency on x86-based instances and attract enterprises looking to optimize costs. Its N series of compute instances are typically targeted at general purpose workloads such as low-to-medium traffic web and application servers; containerized microservices; virtual desktops; back-office, CRM, or BI applications; data pipelines; and small-to-medium databases. The N4A instances, currently available in preview, are configurable up to 64 vCPUs with support for 512GB of DDR5 Memory and

Google’s cheaper, faster TPUs are here, while users of other AI processors face a supply crunch

6 November 2025 @ 8:00 pm

Relief could be on the way for enterprises facing shortages of GPUs to run their AI workloads, or unable to afford the electricity to power them: Google will add Ironwood, a faster, more energy-efficient version of its Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), to its cloud computing offering in the coming weeks. Analysts expect Ironwood to offer price-performance similar to GPUs from AMD and Nvidia, running in Google’s cloud, so this could ease the pressure on enterprises and vendors struggling to secure GPUs for AI model training or inferencing projects. That wou

Top network and data center events 2025 & 2026

6 November 2025 @ 4:24 pm

Ready to travel to gain hands-on experience with new networking and infrastructure tools? Tech conferences – in person and virtual – give attendees a chance to access product demos, network with peers, earn continuing education credits, and catch a celebrity keynote or live entertainment. Check out our calendar of upcoming network, I&O, and data center conferences, and

Network jobs watch: Hiring, skills and certification trends

6 November 2025 @ 3:08 pm

Network and infrastructure roles continue to shift as enterprises adopt technologies such as AI-driven network operations, multicloud networking, zero trust network access (ZTNA), and SD-WAN. Here’s a recap of some of the latest industry research, hiring s

Cisco launches AI infrastructure, AI practitioner certifications

6 November 2025 @ 2:53 pm

Cisco is highlighting two new AI-focused certifications aimed at IT infrastructure professionals. Its AI Technical Practitioner (AITECH) certification is designed to help tech pros build and validate the skills needed to support AI workloads across enterprise infrastructure. The company also recently introduced the Cisco AI Infrastructure Specialist Certification, which is geared for engineers, architects, operations teams, and service providers who need to ru

Perplexity’s open-source tool to run trillion-parameter models without costly upgrades

6 November 2025 @ 12:48 pm

Perplexity AI has released an open-source software tool that solves two expensive problems for enterprises running AI systems: being locked into a single cloud provider and the need to buy the latest hardware to run massive models. The tool, called TransferEngine, enables large language models to communicate across different cloud providers’ hardware at full speed. Companies can now run trillion-parameter models like DeepSeek V3 and Kimi K2 on older H100 and H200 GPU systems instead of waiting for expensive next-generation hardware, Perplexity wrote in a research paper. The company also

Space: The final frontier for data processing

6 November 2025 @ 2:46 am

The space race is back – but unlike the battle between the political superpowers in the 60s, this one is between tech corporations looking to explore data processing potential above the clouds. Google and Elon Musk’s SpaceX were both quick off the mark following Starcloud’s announcement that it had launched its Starcloud-1 satellite containing a Nvidia H100 GPU to facilitate AI processing in space. Starcloud, under its previous name of Lumen Orbit, first proposed the viability of a such a data center last year. It’s a modest proposal at the moment;

ZincFive targets AI data centers with new energy system

5 November 2025 @ 9:00 pm

ZincFive has introduced batteries for AI data centers and made from nickel-zinc (NiZn) rather than the traditional lithium-ion design most prevalent in battery technology. The vendor’s BC 2 NiZn AI battery cabinet is specifically engineered to meet the power requirements of AI workloads in mission-critical data centers. It is designed for dual-mode operation, meaning it serves as both a battery backup and offers active energy management when not needed for backup. ZincF

Arista shares Q3 financials, touts ‘golden era in networking’

5 November 2025 @ 8:13 pm

Arista Networks continues to report solid financial performance. This week, the networking vendor announced third-quarter revenue of $2.3 billion, which is up 4.7% over the second quarter of 2025 and an increase of 27.5% compared to the third quarter of 2024. Here are some of the networking highlights from Arista’s latest financial results conference call. AI networking megatrend “We find ourselves amid an undeniable and explosive AI megatrend,” Arista CEO Jayshree Ullal told analysts on the earnings call. “As AI models and tokens grow in size and complexity, Arista’s driving network scale of AI XPUs handling th

AI, greed cause massive spike in memory prices

5 November 2025 @ 8:00 pm

DRAM prices have skyrocketed thanks to the explosion in construction of AI data centers, which can require massive amounts of memory. Prices are high, getting higher, and won’t come down until well into next year, according to predictions. TrendForce, a market research firm that specializes in the memory market, says that server DRAM contract prices are strengthening in the fourth quarter of this year, driven by ongoing data center expansion among global cloud service providers. This momentum is lift

forensicswiki.org

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Computer forensic tools and techniques used by investigators

cyberciti.biz

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online community of new and seasoned Linux / Unix sysadmins.

Download of the day: GIMP 3.0 is FINALLY Here!

18 March 2025 @ 3:45 am

Wow! After years of hard work and countless commits, we have finally reached a huge milestone: GIMP 3.0 is officially released! I am excited as I write this and can't wait to share some incredible new features and improvements in this release. GIMP 2.10 was released in 2018, and the first development version of GIMP 3.0 came out in 2020. GIMP 3.0 released on 16/March/2025. Let us explore how to download and install GIMP 3.0, as well as the new features in this version. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook -

How to list upgradeable packages on FreeBSD using pkg

16 March 2025 @ 8:25 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Here is a quick list of all upgradeable packages on FreeBSD using pkg command. This is equivalent to apt list --upgradable command on my Debian or Ubuntu Linux system. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

Ubuntu to Explore Rust-Based “uutils” as Potential GNU Core Utilities Replacement

16 March 2025 @ 12:17 pm

In a move that has sparked significant discussion within the Ubuntu Linux fan-base and community, Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, has announced its intention to explore the potential replacement of GNU Core Utilities with the Rust-based "uutils" project. They plan to introduce new changes in Ubuntu Linux 25.10, eventually changing it to Ubuntu version 26.04 LTS release in 2026 as Ubuntu is testing Rust 'uutils' to overhaul its core utilities potentially. Let us find out the pros and cons and what this means for you as an Ubuntu Linux user, IT pro, or developer. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

How to install KSH on FreeBSD

3 March 2025 @ 11:50 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Installing KSH (KornShell) on FreeBSD can be done with either FreeBSD ports or the pkg command. The ports collection will download the KSH source code, compile it, and install it on the system. The pkg method is easier, and it will download a pre-compiled binary package. Hence, it is recommended for all users. KornShell (KSH) has a long history, and many older Unix systems and scripts rely on it. As a result, KSH remains relevant for maintaining and supporting legacy infrastructure. Large enterprises, especially those with established Unix-based systems, continue to use KSH for scripting and system administration tasks. Some industries where KS

Linux Sed Tutorial: Learn Text Editing with Syntax & Examples

3 March 2025 @ 9:47 am

See all GNU/Linux related FAQ Sed is an acronym for "stream editor." A stream refers to a source or destination for bytes. In other words, sed can read its input from standard input (stdin), apply the specified edits to the stream, and automatically output the results to standard output (stdout). Sed syntax allows an input file to be specified on the command line. However, the syntax does not directly support output file specification; this can be achieved through output redirection or editing files in place while making a backup of the original copy optionally. Sed is one of the most powerful tools on Linux and Unix-like systems. Learning it is worthwhile, so in t

How to tell if FreeBSD needs a Reboot using kernel version check

23 February 2025 @ 10:07 pm

See all FreeBSD related FAQ Keeping your FreeBSD server or workstation updated is crucial for security and stability. However, after applying updates, especially kernel updates, you might wonder, "Do I need to reboot my system?" Let's simplify this process and provide a straightforward method for determining whether a reboot is necessary using the CLI, shell script, and ansible playbook. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter

Critical Rsync Vulnerability Requires Immediate Patching on Linux and Unix systems

15 January 2025 @ 6:04 pm

Rsync is a opensource command-line tool in Linux, macOS, *BSD and Unix-like systems that synchronizes files and directories. It is a popular tool for sending or receiving files, making backups, or setting up mirrors. It minimizes data copied by transferring only the changed parts of files, making it faster and more bandwidth-efficient than traditional copying methods provided by tools like sftp or ftp-ssl. Rsync versions 3.3.0 and below has been found with SIX serious vulnerabilities. Attackers could exploit these to leak your data, corrupt your files, or even take over your system. There is a heap-based buffer overflow with a CVSS score of 9.8 that needs to be addressed on both the client and server sides of rsync package. Apart from that info leak via uninitialized stack contents defeats ASLR protection and rsync server can make client write files outside of destination directory using symbolic links. Love this? sudo share_on:

How to control the SSH multiplexing with the control commands

15 January 2025 @ 8:29 am

See all GNU/Linux related FAQ Multiplexing will boost your SSH connectivity or speed by reusing existing TCP connections to a remote host. This is useful when you frequently connect to the same server using SSH protocol for remote login, server management, using IT automation tools over SSH or even running hourly backups. However, sometimes your SSH command (client) will not respond or get hung up on the session when using multiplexing. Typically, this happens when your public IP changes (IPv4 to IPv6 changes when using DNS names), VPN issues, or firewall cuts connections. Hence, knowing SSH client control commands can save you time and boost your productivity when such gotc

ZFS Raidz Expansion Finally, Here in version 2.3.0

14 January 2025 @ 9:19 am

After years of development and testing, the ZFS raidz expansion is finally here and has been released as part of version 2.3.0. ZFS is a popular file system for Linux and FreeBSD. RAIDz is like RAID 5, which you find with hardware or Linux software raid devices. It protects your data by spreading it across multiple hard disks along with parity information. A raidz device can have single, double, or triple parity to sustain one, two, or three hard disk failures, respectively, without losing any data. Hence, expanding or adding a new HDD is a very handy feature for sysadmins in today's data-sensitive apps. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter -

How to run Docker inside Incus containers

18 December 2024 @ 5:44 am

See all FFmpeg command releated tutorials Incus and Docker both use Linux kernel features to containerize your applications. Incus is best suited when you need system-level containers that act like traditional VMs and provide a persistent developer experience. On the other hand, Docker containers are ephemeral, i.e., temporary in nature. All files created inside Docker containers are lost when your Docker container is stopped or removed unless you stored them using volumes in different directories outside Docker. Docker is created as a disposable app deployment system. Incus containers are not typically created as disposables, and data is kept inside

heartinternet.co.uk

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Hosting packages for an initial web presence

How to Enable Two-Factor Authentication

29 July 2025 @ 12:22 pm

Keeping your account secure is a top priority – and enabling two-factor authentication (2FA) is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect it. Enabling 2FA adds an extra step to your login process so your account will remain secure even if your password is compromised. Here’s how to switch it on in [read more...]

How to Choose the Perfect Domain Name for Your Business

9 July 2025 @ 9:30 am

Get Your Name Right – The Internet Never Forgets Choosing a domain name might sound simple – until you realise it’s the online equivalent of naming your child. No pressure. Your domain is your digital first impression. It’s what people type, share, and (hopefully) remember. So picking the right one is crucial for your brand, [read more...]

What is a VPS? And is it Time You Got One?

25 June 2025 @ 9:30 am

Discover what a VPS server is, how VPS hosting works, and why it’s ideal for small businesses. Learn the benefits and explore VPS plans with Heart Internet.

We’re Now Certified by the Green Web Foundation

11 June 2025 @ 9:30 am

💚 Hosting that works hard, treads lightly.   Big news: Heart Internet is now officially listed with the Green Web Foundation. That means our hosting services are recognised as being powered by 100% renewable energy – wind, solar, and hydro, all thanks to our partnership with EDF. So while your website might be generating traffic, [read more...]

What is Web Hosting and Why Does Your Business Need It?

6 May 2025 @ 4:54 pm

Without web hosting, your website would not be visible or accessible to users! It is crucial to host your website with a website hosting service to ensure that your business has an online presence. Web hosts will securely store your website’s files, images, and digital content on a server, making it accessible to the public [read more...]

How to Enable Root Access via SSH on Your VPS for Migration using Plesk

11 March 2025 @ 7:41 am

If you get one of the following messages from the Plesk migrator you should check that you are using root as the username along with the Plesk admin password. “The source server does not appear to be a Plesk server” “Plesk Migrator tool requires original ‘root’ user access or root user with GUI/UID = 0.” [read more...]

How to Enable Root Access on Your VPS Server Using Plesk

11 March 2025 @ 7:40 am

If you get one of the following messages from the Plesk migrator you should check that you are using root as the username along with the Plesk admin password. “The source server does not appear to be a Plesk server” “Plesk Migrator tool requires original ‘root’ user access or root user with GUI/UID = 0.” [read more...]

Are your website fonts sending the right message?

3 February 2025 @ 10:18 am

Did you know that the fonts you use on your website can impact the way your customers perceive and interact with your brand?

Black Friday at Heart Internet

28 November 2024 @ 3:27 pm

Black Friday is here, and we’re bringing you incredible savings to help your business thrive online. From 29th November 2024 to 9th December 2024, you can enjoy 15% off some of our most popular products to get the tools you need at a fraction of the cost. What’s on Offer? Here’s what you can save [read more...]

13 Easy Ways to Optimise Your Website for Speed and Performance

1 October 2024 @ 2:53 pm

A slow website is like a slow waiter: it doesn’t matter how good the food is if the service is frustratingly sluggish. If your site takes too long to load, visitors are likely to abandon it faster than you can say “bounce rate.” But fear not! Here are some tips to help you optimise your [read more...]

serverfault.com

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Common Server issues – FAQs and answers from those in the know

login with freeipa user ,use sudo command without password but not work

7 November 2025 @ 8:31 am

i have a freeipa server, and i login client(ubuntu 22.04) with ipa user ,login success. i add username ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL to file/etc/sudoers.d/username ,but when i use sudo command it still display input password. in ubuntu 16.04 i login client with same freeipa user it works, no input password display when i used sudo command. why ? what diffrent ubuntu 16.04 and ubuntu 22.04? in /etc/sudoers.d/ only one file named ipa username ubuntu 22.04 /etc/sudoers Defaults env_reset Defaults mail_badpass Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin" Defaults use_pty root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL @includedir /etc/sudoers.d ubuntu 16.04 /etc/sudoers Defaults env_reset Defaults mail_badpass Defaults secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local

LVM missing one PV after accidental commands on RAID1 device

7 November 2025 @ 7:57 am

I have a serious issue with one of my Oracle Linux 8 servers in a 4-node rack setup. Each node has an identical LVM + RAID1 layout, but one node is now unbootable after i accidentally ran parted and wipefs on its main RAID device. Here’s the background: The system had two RAID1 arrays: /dev/md25 (main array, 3.5T, contains all LVM partitions) /dev/md26 (backup mirror, also 3.5T) Unfortunately, some commands like parted and wipefs were mistakenly executed on /dev/md25. After that, the system failed to boot, and I had to boot into emergency mode using the Oracle Linux 8 ISO. Now I see the following output in emergency mode: # lsblk /dev/md25 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT md25 9:25 0 3.5T 0 raid1 # lsblk /dev/md26 NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT md26 9:26 0 3.5T 0 raid1 # pvs WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid 3N...KHSegf. WARNING: VG VGExaDb is missing PV 3N...KHSegf PV VG Fmt A

Why does mail sent via PHP mail() land in spam while authenticated SMTP mail from the same Postfix server reaches inbox?

6 November 2025 @ 10:00 pm

I’m testing outbound deliverability from a Postfix server. When I send mail through authenticated SMTP, it lands in the inbox (SPF/DKIM/DMARC all pass). When I send using PHP’s built-in mail() function (which calls /usr/sbin/sendmail), the same message goes to spam. A deliverability report shows a DKIM (or “SKIM”) failure for the PHP message, but a full 10/10 score for the same message sent via SMTP. Email: image Report: https://mailtested.com/report/mxg8b62e DKIM failure I’m familiar with proper mail server configuration — DKIM, SPF, DMARC, and rDNS are all set up and verified. Is this because PH

Why does an RDP session to a Windows Server 2022 Domain Controller fail after 5-6 successful connections? [closed]

6 November 2025 @ 6:23 pm

We use RDP to connect to our Windows Server 2022 Domain Controller. RDP connections fail after 5-6 successful connections. The next connection will show a black screen before displaying error “the connection with the remote computer was lost”. It gives the error: “An error occurred when transitioning from CsrConnected in response to EVCsrInitialized (Error Code 0x8007000C)“ And this error on the domain controller: “An error occurred when transitioning from CsrConnected in response to EVCsrInitialized (Error Code 0x80070102),” The problem is temporarily fixed by restarting the controller. There are no hung sessions. I’ve run chkdsk /f and DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth. Restarting RDS does not resolve the issue. Once RD fails, no one on the domain can use rdp, including localhost.

K3S "Failed to test for existence of bucket" for S3 etcd snapshots

6 November 2025 @ 4:12 pm

I'm trying to backup my etcd snapshots to Cloudflare R2 using the built in k3s etcd-s3 parameter in k3s. When trying to save a snapshot I get: FATA[0000] see server log for details: failed to initialize S3 client: failed to test for existence of bucket etcd-cluster-backups: 400 Bad Request In my systemd logs I get Nov 06 16:08:45 host k3s[51010]: time="2025-11-06T16:08:45Z" level=info msg="Reconciliation of ETCDSnapshotFile resources complete" Nov 06 16:08:45 host k3s[51010]: time="2025-11-06T16:08:45Z" level=error msg="Failed to record snapshots for cluster: failed to initialize S3 client: failed to test for existence of bucket etcd-cluster-backups: 400 Bad Request" K3s config.yaml "etcd-s3": "true" "etcd-s3-access-key": "access key" "etcd-s3-bucket": "etcd-cluster-backups" "etcd-s3-endpoint": &

Why Graylog does not receive some security Windows logs

6 November 2025 @ 2:03 pm

I collect logs from my Windows servers to Graylog. There is installed NXlog community edition on my servers and it sends logs to Graylog. I see all of them, but it is weird some security logs are not visible in Graylog Event ID 4728, 4732, 4756 User was added to the group Event ID 4880, 4881 Certification services was stopped/started I dont filter anything in Nxlog configuration. There is no extractor, pipelines in Graylog that would arrange logs. This is configuration of my nxlog.conf Panic Soft #NoFreeOnExit TRUE define ROOT C:\Program Files\nxlog define CERTDIR %ROOT%\cert define CONFDIR %ROOT%\conf\nxlog.d define LOGDIR %ROOT%\data include %CONFDIR%\*.conf define LOGFILE %LOGDIR%\nxlog.log LogFile %LOGFILE% Moduledir %ROOT%\modules CacheDir %ROOT%\data Pidfile %ROOT%\data\nxlog.pid SpoolDir %ROOT%\data Module xm_syslog Module xm_charconv AutodetectCharsets iso8859-2, utf-8, utf-16, utf-32 Module xm_exec Module xm_fileop # Check the

Kolla OpenStack magnum coe template creation binascii.Error: Incorrect padding

6 November 2025 @ 11:46 am

I am trying to create COE kubernetes template in magnum, during creation of template I am using below parameters. openstack coe cluster template create strategy --coe kubernetes --public --tls-disabled --external-network EXT-395 --image FedoraCOS42 File "/usr/lib64/python3.9/base64.py", line 87, in b64decode return binascii.a2b_base64(s) binascii.Error: Incorrect padding : binascii.Error: Incorrect padding Though tls is disbaled and I am not using any CA certificates for services its still faling with above error, please help in undertanding the issue and share if any workaround.

Squid Proxy on RHEL 10 – Unable to Start SSL Bump in Explicit Mode (Trying to Block HTTPS File Uploads) [closed]

6 November 2025 @ 5:50 am

I’m setting up Squid 6.10 on RHEL 10 to work as an explicit HTTP/HTTPS proxy. My goal is to block file uploads (attachments) sent through HTTPS websites such as Zoho Mail or Gmail by using Squid’s request_body_max_size together with SSL Bump. The proxy runs on a laptop (Wi-Fi) being used as a small test server. Clients will configure the proxy manually (no transparent or intercept mode). Environment OS : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 (Coughlan) Package : squid-6.10-1.el10.x86_64 Purpose : Explicit proxy, block uploads over HTTPS Clients : Manually configured browsers (Firefox/Chrome) Steps I’ve Done Installed and enabled Squid dnf install squid -y systemctl enable --now squid Created a local CA for SSL Bump mkdir -p /etc/squid/ssl_cert cd /etc/squid/ssl_cert openssl req -new -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 -nodes -x509 \ -keyout myCA.key -out

Nginx serving wrong vhost/servername

5 November 2025 @ 9:04 pm

I have 3 vhosts serving different domain all listening on 443: 00-vhost.conf : *.staging.a.com 01-vhost.conf : xx.a.com 02-vhost.conf : *.a.com So my issue is when the vhost for *.staging.a.com is in 1st, it catches requests for xx.a.com or *.a.com . Each vhost has its own access/error log files and I see the error appearing in my staging error log file because the server_name doesn't match the SSL certificate : 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: accept on 0.0.0.0:443, ready: 0 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: posix_memalign: 00005E0FC0C02200:512 @16 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: *33 accept: 10.136.18.110:54438 fd:25 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: *33 event timer add: 25: 60000:5468109335 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: *33 reusable connection: 1 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#166990: *33 epoll add event: fd:25 op:1 ev:80002001 2025/11/05 14:14:34 [debug] 166990#1669

[Fedora][SELinux] How to enable access between Nginx and Docker container? [duplicate]

5 November 2025 @ 4:42 pm

Disclaimer: I'm no devops, so please tell me if I'm doing this wrong. I have a webapp in a container. I use Podman and Podman Compose to bring it up. In compose.yml, I expose the port 5000 and bind it to the internal port 80. Here's a quick diagram: ┌────────────────────────────────────┐ │ PODMAN COMPOSE │ │ │ │ ┌────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ PODMAN CONTAINER │ │ ┌─────────────────┐ │ │

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